Critical Perspective on Contemporary Music Essay

Critical Perspective on Contemporary Music - Essay Example The purpose of this assignment is to critically assess the narrative of contemporary music. The critical assessment will be undertaken by using Bohemian Rhapsody by the rock band Queen as a basis of critique the narrative of contemporary music. Furthermore, different generalities of the course will also be included in the paper to create a background to assessment. Overview of the Course: The overall objective of the course is to understand the sociological, aesthetical and musical context to different genre of music such as jazz, hip hop, alternative rock etc. The outcome that have been predicted and to be achieved by the course is to develop effective critical perspective regarding history of music being produced in the contemporary era. The course allows critical evaluation of the factors that have had a great impact on the contemporary music. These factors include gender, race, class, aesthetics, technology etc (DeVeaux, 1991). Course Design: The course MUS 209 is a systematic le arning protocol regarding contemporary music and its origin. The progress of theoretical framework that backs up the trends in contemporary music is rooted in the history in a profound manner. It is due to this fact that the course involves assignments which allow brainstorming and critical approach towards learning about factors affecting musical trends (DeVeaux, 1991). Context: Likewise any other genre of music such as jazz and hip hop, rock genre has a splendid journey in terms of sound composition, stylistics, aesthetics etc. Rock history dates back to 1950s when the refinement of rock and roll was underway. Rock music was merely taken as a way to show aggression and solitude with high notes and intense lyrics. This majorly affected the way people followed musical trends. Rock stars were fan-followed in terms of fashion. A number of rock bands and artists have evolved over the time and ruled the music charts. Among different rock bands and music, Queen Band has gained significan ce in history of rock music with their single Bohemian Rhapsody. The song became widely famous because of its unusual manner of no chorus whereas songs of that era had chorused compositions. The song included three segments which have been composed as the guitar solo, ballad and operative hard rock section. The single was considered as the most expensive single as special consideration was given to the production of song. The rock Band became a success in different musical chart ratings as they introduced variation in the trend of rock music (DeVeaux, 1991). The sociological context of the song is that it reflects experiences of people who have been through times of need that they had to commit crime. The song was one of the influential songs of its time that a great deal of literature regarding crime and mental health made use of the lyrical message of the song. It was because the lyrics of song projecting a young man who murdered man out of circumstances and not for rivalry. The m urderer or the narrator of the song has been illustrated as a person who is apologizing to all for his act and assures that he did not want kill humanity. He has affirmed that he has killed and now his soul will is ready to be surrendered. The song Bohemian Rhapsody was written by Freddie Mercury which ultimately conventional manner of songwriting. The performance of the song was never observed live because there were number vocal parts of the songs that were composed

Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay Example for Free

Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay Introduction There is a thin line between fact and fiction.   This is particularly true in Tim O’Brien’s THE THINGS THEY CARRIED.   Tim O’Brien expertly dealt with words as he described the atrocities of war in this book. Tim OBriens The Things They Carried goes beyond the usual fare of war fiction. As a matter of fact it goes beyond fiction despite the fact that the author labeled it as a work of fiction on the title page.    The book is an amalgamation of several genres – a memoir, a novel, and a collection of short stories. O’Brien’s genius lies in the fact that he turns fiction into something real so much so that the demarcation of fiction and fact in this story is hardly noticeable. You can never tell when the fact ended and the imagination begins.   There is a subtle intertwining of fact and fiction that hooks the reader into reading further.    The story may be fiction but the emotions, tragedies and lives behind the story are real. So real in fact, anybody can relate to them. I want you to feel what I felt. I want you to know why story-truth is truer sometimes than happening-truth. Chapter 18, pg. 179. This is a telling part of the story as Tim O’Brien relates how he wants the truth to come out not as the way other people seen it but the way he does.   His own version of the truth is what matters to him. Truly, facts could sometimes be stranger than fiction. Analysis The first-person narrator of this book is named after the author, Tim OBrien.   Tim is both a writer and combat veteran of the Vietnam War. The war fiction is not about the usual war story where gory tales of hatcheted bodies and non-stop killings abound. Instead, one finds a certain attachment to the characters as O’Brien skillfully narrates the emotional and psychological impact of war on them.   OBrien shows the true nature of the soldiers of the Vietnam War not as fearless soldiers but as young men and boys who are inexperienced and frightened in a strange land.   Even O’Brien is not spared from fear of going to war. My conscience told me to run, but some irrational and powerful force was resisting, like a weight pushing me toward the war. What it came down to, stupidly, was a sense of shame. Chapter 4, pg. 52. In this part of the story, Tim contemplated on how he was indecisive about being drafted for the war.   The character Tim OBrien reacts to his draft notice by going to the Canadian border and spends six days in a isolated lodge in the company of an old man named Elroy while he debates on whether he should evade the draft or accept it and go to war. In the end, he decided to go to war not so much he believes in it but more so because he does not want to put his family to shame. It is largely compelling, emotional and even humorous.   It gives a human face to the war as opposed to a mere narrative. OBrien explores the things they carried both figuratively and literally through the intermittent narration of the lives, even death, of the soldiers comprising the Alpha Company. OBrien masterfully recounts the emotions going through a soldier during unforgettable moments of his life: his feelings when drafted, his guilt when forced to kill an enemy, his shock at seeing friends or fellow soldiers killed in action and the gnawing feeling of homesickness. The plot is simple but told several times through different characters point of view, making it appear more complex than it seems. The book has its light and humorous moments though as depicted in the story the Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong.   O’Brien, the author, knows exactly the perfect order of stories to attain the best effect, whether as a stand-alone story or to augment other stories.   Tim has a way of relating stories that catches the reader by surprise like this one: Speaking of Courage was written in 1975 at the suggestion of Norman Bowker, who three years later hanged himself in the locker room of a YMCA in his hometown in central Iowa. (Page 155) Love is one of the motivating factor for Tim’s need to tell the story. It had all the shadings and complexities of mature adult love, and maybe more, because there were not yet words for it, and because it was not yet fixed to comparisons or chronologies or the ways by which adults measure such things. I just loved her. Chapter 22, pg. 228. Tim O’Brien, the character professes his love for a girl when they were little. In the end, Tim admitted that his penchant for telling stories and why he needs to do it as he relates his life to the soldiers.   Im skimming across the surface of my own history, moving fast, riding the melt beneath the blades, doing loops and spins, and when I take a high leap into the dark and come down thirty years later, I realize it is as Tim trying to save Timmys life with a story. Chapter 22, pg. 246. In this quote, Tim tells of his need to tell stories. He knows it can bring the dead loved ones back to life, as if they are still with us. The soldiers do this to shield them from painful memories of losing a friend or killing a person. Tim, the character, tells stories since he was a child, when he lost the first girl he ever loved to brain tumor. The stories may change –characters, places, and events but the storyteller keeps the memories alive. These multiple narratives seem complex even at times confusing but OBrien once again manages to pull this off perfectly. â€Å"The Things They Carried† is a moving, heart-rending tale of the men in Vietnam War and the emotional and psychological baggage they carried, which leave them scarred for life, because of it. Work Cited: O’Brien, Tim. 29 Dec. 1998. The Things They Carried. Amazon. Accessed on 10, January 2007 http://www.amazon.com/Things-They-Carried-Tim-OBrien/dp/0767902890.

Essay --

After collecting the data from three different people with different personalities and goals in life, I began to determine the strengths of each individual and see if the data correlated to each of their lives. Person A is currently in college studying mathematics, with an emphasis in actuary studies. The data that I collected from him represents his interest in mathematics well, and also shows his understanding of himself. It was interesting to note that although his specialty is in mathematics, his weakness is in his spatial skills. Person B has acquired an associate’s degree in culinary arts, and is now employed as a chef at a major hotel. The data collected from him shows that his strongest category was his intrapersonal skills. His weakest intelligence is his musical skills. Person C is currently attending university to acquire a degree in graphic design. It was interesting to me to see that her strongest intelligence was in her naturalist skills, considering her love for graphic design. I would have thought that her strongest intelligence would be in spatial skills. Her weakest intelligence was in bodily-kinesthetic skills. As for my data, I have determined that my strongest intelligence is my interpersonal skills, which I believe to be accurate, considering my interest in speech-language pathology. I will need to have good â€Å"people† skills in order to excel in that field. I did find it interesting, however, that my weakest intelligence was in my spatial skills. Although, I suppose it is accurate, considering I do my best work when I have physical directions or information in my possession, rather than creating my own. I have found it very interesting that each of us scored highly in the intrapersonal skills section of the ... ...t they will just start playing with him and he won’t have to do much talking after that. But the quiet kid who sits in the corner doesn’t often get invited to play. Teach your child some social scripts that he can use to initiate those interactions with other kids, such as: â€Å"Hi, I’m Nxx, what’s your name?† or â€Å"Can I play?† Considering that each of the three people that I have interviewed and I have good interpersonal skills, it should not be too difficult to communicate effectively. One way that I think I could definitely get everyone to get along would be to divide up activities. For example, in the morning, we would work on spatial skills for client A, while in the afternoon we would work on musical skills for client B. Then the last activity for the day could be working on bodily-kinesthetic skills for client C. This way, each individual is getting their turn.

A Place Where the Sea Remembers †Short Story Essay

In A Place Where the Sea Remembers, Sandra Benitez invites us into a mesmerizing world filled with love, anger, tragedy and hope. This rich and bewitching story is a bittersweet portrait of the people in Santiago, a Mexican village by the sea. Each character faces a conflict that affects the course of his or her life. The characters in this conflict are Remedios, la curandera of the small town who listens to people’s stories and gives them advice, Marta, a 16 year old teenage girl, who was raped and became pregnant. Chayo is Marta’s big sister and Calendario is Chayo’s husband. Justo Flores, his conflict is person vs. self. One of the most important conflicts in this story is person vs. person, then person vs. supernatural followed by person vs. self. Marta was raped at a young age, so she wants to have an abortion. As she talks about it, Calendario, her brother in-law promises her that he and Chayo would take care of her baby when he is born, for he has been promoted to the salad maker in town. But everything changes when Chayo and Calendario are blessed with a child that they thought they would never have. Since Chayo is about to have a baby of her own, she refuses to take care of Marta’s baby. Marta’s dream is to go to El Paso. She goes to see Calendario and she finds out that her own sister did not want to take care of her child because she is having one of her own. So that is when the conflict person vs. person begins between Marta and Chayo. When Chayo finds out about her sister’s betrayal they do not speak for years. There are hard feelings going on between them throughout the story. Marta has a second conflict, person vs. supernatural. Marta goes to see Remedios, la Curandera, to help her with her problem. Remedios knows what happened to Marta even before she speaks. She knows that she was raped on the beach against her will. When Marta tells her about her problem and asks if she could help her Remedios refuses. Marta, disappointed about her sister’s selfishness, goes to el brujo to put a spell on her sister’s son. Marta regrets doing that and goes to Remedios to undo the spell. Chayo still thinks the curse is there after four years. Marta takes care of her own child, and learns how to deal with the fact he came from a rape but in the end there is a twist of fate. Remedios has seen Marta’s future. She knows that her child is going to die; she sees this when the boy was in his mother’s womb. The conflict of person vs. person begins with Don Justo Flores. Each day he goes to the beach where people beach pay him to see his birds perform tricks. Don Justo is a lonely man but he has a story. He had two wives and five children, including Justina, his first, and Ernestina, his fifth. Suddenly he receives a telegraph; he suspects it is bad news but he cannot read. He hopes the telegraph is from Justina saying all is forgiven. So as he walks on the beach as usual, he finds a girl named Rita and asks her to pick her fortune. Don Justo asks the guy next to her to read him the telegraph. The guy tells him it is bad news after he reads, â€Å"Come home at once, papa Justina is gone from us.†(A Place Where the Sea Remembers, Sandra Benitez, p. 108) So he gathers his things and goes to town for tequila and he blames himself for not being a good father and not being there for Justina when she was a little girl. He remembers allowing his second wife to push Justina out of the hou se; he cannot stand the pain. Whether we like it or not, conflict is a part of everyday lives. It can happen to anyone, from your friends to your family. Often it is not the fact that conflict occurs, but how it is dealt with, how people react to it. After being touched by conflict, people can evolve and build strong relationships. However, conversely many people can also suffer and be influenced. Therefore, in some ways conflict can be commendable, and some ways it can be brutal. Often conflict is violent, negative and destructive. However, this is not always so. There are times where conflict can bring unexpected qualities from people change a person for the better. Humans are stubborn. In A Place where the Sea Remembers, Marta and Chayo are experiencing person vs. person conflict. If the sisters understood each other and accepted that each other’s perspective is different, but not wrong, there would not have been any conflict.

American Civil Liberties Union

The American Civil Liberties Union more commonly known as the ACLU is one of the most prominent advocacy groups in contemporary American society. The ACLU is a non-profit and non-partisan organization based in New York.ACLU’s primary advocacy has always been the protection of the constitutional rights of US Citizens. Moreover, it is part of the ACLU’s mission to extend those rights to demographics which have been traditionally denied the same constitutional rights as the average American citizen.These groups include Native Americans, the poor, transsexual and transgender people, and prisoners to name a few. The major activities of the ACLU in advancing its advocacy include   community education efforts, lobbying for desired legislation as well as supporting litigation which seeks to establish protection for civil rights (â€Å"About Us†).HistoryThe ACLU can trace its roots to World War I. A forerunner of the ACLU, the American Union Against Militarism (AUAM), w as established in 1914 to oppose American entry into the war. With the eventual entry of America into World War I, Crystal Eastman, the executive secretary of the AUAM together with Roger Baldwin, a social worker, founded a Bureau of Conscientious Objectors.The Bureau worked to oppose the draft as well as to advise conscientious objectors. In 1917, the AUAM created a new independent organization – the National Civil Liberties Bureau. Eastman and Baldwin then shifted their focus on the NCLB after which the AUAM folded soon after (â€Å"The Roger Baldwin Years, 1917-1950: Finding Aid†).Baldwin continued his opposition to the draft, himself deliberately violating the Selective Service Act which resulted in his imprisonment in 1918. Upon release from prison, Baldwin helped establish the ACLU in January 19, 1920.Unlike the NCLB, the ACLU was established as a permanent organization which shall live on even after the war. At the time of the ACLU’s founding, the US Supr eme Court has failed to uphold even a single free speech claim. The infant ACLU quickly got itself involved in noteworthy cases such as Sacco & Vanzetti, the Scopes Trial and the Scottsboro boys (Cottrell).The early ACLU concentrated on fighting the causes of the labor movement, believing that advancing labor causes would result in their desired changes in society. During the 1920s most of ACLU funding came from Albert Desilver, another founding member of the ACLU and the Garland Fund.Media mileage during the Tennessee Scopes Trial helped the ACLU gain reputation and raise funds for its efforts (â€Å"The Roger Baldwin Years, 1917-1950: Finding Aid†).

Building a Classroom Community

Building a Classroom Community Building a classroom community enables teachers to address their students needs that may be lacking at home. It gives teachers the opportunity to teach students about respect, responsibility and how to positively relate to their peers. Here are a few ways that you can build a community in the classroom. Welcoming Students to their Community Send a Letter: Teachers can start taking steps to build a classroom community long before school even starts, just by anticipating the concerns students may have during the first few days. Where will the bathroom be? Will I make friends? What time will lunch be? Teachers can ease these fears by sending a student welcome letter that answers a majority of these questions a few days before school starts.Organize Your Classroom: Just by the way you organize your classroom will send a message to students. If you display a lot of their work or allow them to be a central part of the decorating it will show students that they are part of the classroom community.Learning Students Names: Take the time to learn and remember students names. This will convey to the student that you respect them.Ease Anxiety with Activities: During the first few days/weeks of school you can help break the ice and ease first day jitters with a few back-to-school activities. This will help welcome students and is a great way to start building a sense of community in the classroom. Introducing Students to their Classroom Environment The best way to help children feel a sense of community in the classroom is to first introduce students to their classroom environment. Show them around the classroom and teach them the procedures and daily routines that they will need to learn for the school year. Making Classroom Meetings a Priority The number one way that you can build a successful classroom community is to take the time to hold a classroom meeting every day. This is an essential part of building a community in the classroom because it enables students to speak, listen, exchange ideas, and settle differences. By participating in these daily meetings it shows students what it means to be a part of a community that respects, and accepts one another and their opinions. Set aside time each day for students to discuss whats happening inside or outside the classroom. Make it a tradition each morning and start with fun morning meeting greetings. You can also hold the meetings during transition periods or at the end of the day. Take this time to help students develop their listening and speaking skills, how to be respectful of others, and take turns participating. You will be surprised how excited students become to attend these daily meetings. They are a great opportunity for children to develop life long communicatio n skills. Promoting Respectful Interactions The ability for children to learn to relate to one another and make positive relationships is essential in a classroom community. It is imperative that teachers model respectful interactions and teach students the importance of working together. Model appropriate and respectful interactions, such as greeting students with a handshake or using kind words. Students learn by seeing, and when they see you act appropriately they will follow your lead. Teach students how to treat one another with respect and model behaviors that you expect children to have while in the classroom. Acknowledge respectable behavior and be sure to point it out when you see it. This will encourage others to behave and act accordingly. Promoting Problem-Solving Skills If you ask a teacher what one thing they wish all students would walk away from school learning you would probably hear the response, the ability for students to solve problems on their own. The ability to problem solve in a non-violent way is a life long skill that all people should have. Helping children learn how to resolve a conflict on their own is challenging, but is a skill that must be taught. Here are a few ways teachers can promote problem-solving skills in the classroom:Model how to handle anger in the classroomAddress issues as a class a the daily community meetingIncorporate conflict-resolving activities into the curriculum Sources: Berke, Kai-leà ©. Building Your Classroom Community. Teaching Strategies,  https://blog.teachingstrategies.com/webinar/building-your-classroom-community/.

Black Market Essays

Black Market Essays Black Market Essay Black Market Essay Essay Topic: Turtle Island I. Introduction The black market is known for the illegal trade that is taking topographic point. The market itself is hidden from the public’s oculus due to the province of the goods being traded. We are all cognizant that this sort of industry exists. yet none is truly making anything to set a halt to it. particularly now that even endangered species are available in the market. Or even if there are attempts being done. it is still non plenty. Trading of some of the most endangered species there is may ensue to assorted effects and that’s what our study would undertake. Endangered species would ever be connected to black market and so it would be included in this research. Basically we would discourse about what causes black market. how it runs and why people resort to acquiring involved in this. We would besides be having the different animate beings that are available in the black market. Articles and different researches would besides be added. and of class how this affects the ho meostasis in our environment. II. Black Market A black market is one where the purchasing and merchandising of merchandises and services take topographic point in an illegal mode. A black economic system is a extremely organized and huge market where the regular revenue enhancement regulations and norms of trade are non adhered to. A black market is known by several names. including black economic system. belowground market. shadow economic system. underdog and parallel economic system. In our study we would concentrate on the goods that are being sold in the black market which are doing the hazard of certain species. The supposedly kept up rare animate beings were being hunted for some stuffs which are capable to illegal trading. Some of the factors which contribute to the being of black market are low handiness of an point in the market. overpricing of the point in the local and international market. inordinate ordinances in the imposts. corruptness and less ordinances refering these things which produces laxness. In consequence. the national income would be low. states take parting in the black market would be criticized. no revenue enhancement gross. deficiency of ordinance and people learn to freely interrupt the jurisprudence and do what they want. For illustration. the functionaries of the Philippines Government reported that husbandmans who trap native parrots and sell them to wildlife sellers make around $ 12 ( 500 Philippine Pesos ) per bird. However. the sellers who buy the birds and so resell it on the black market can do up to 5 times that amount on norm. There have besides been studies of birds of quarry in the state being sold for every bit much as $ 20. 000. Another common illustration is the ivory trade in the commercial. frequently illicitly from the tusk ivories of the river horse. seahorse. narwal. mammoth. and most normally. Asiatic and African elephants. Ivory has been traded for 100s of old ages by people in such parts as Greenland. Alaska. and Siberia. The trade. in more recent times. has led to hazard of species. ensuing in limitations and prohibitions. Whatever the ground is. we truly can non fault any state or any authorities on why a black market really exists in our clip today. The black market caters to the demands of those purchasers that are in demand of specific points that are practically illegal so they could sell it to others. In short. the black market is a topographic point where every illegal point is available at a low monetary value. Peoples who take portion in this are protected in some sort of secretiveness that values privateness. Peoples resort to black market because of the handiness of the points that are rare to happen. For illustration are the endangered species being smuggled. The degree of demand for these things is high merely because of the rarity it possesses. Peoples who tend to purchase these things are really after these alien points which are rare to happen. Some of it are available lawfully but non the endangered species. Even if they are. it will be excessively expensive. compared to the black market that offers low monetary values and speedy handiness. The black market is unsafe yet people are turning a blind oculus about it. They don’t want to acquire involved in this type of dealing because some of the world’s most powerful people are regular purchasers. We are all cognizant that this exists. yet no 1 has the bravery to set a halt to this. How can we halt the smuggling of endangered species when no 1 wants to cognize what is truly traveling on about it? III. Endangered Species If we are to discourse the black market sing animate beings. we can non acquire off with discoursing one of its roots. endangered species. The Philippines has been identified by Conservation International as one of the biologically richest states in the universe. Rain forest originally covered most of the 7. 100 of the Philippines islands. but inordinate glade of the land has threatened many of the native animate being species. As of 2010. merely approximately 7 per centum of the original wood remains. The IUCN Red List. a widely recognized rating of threatened works and carnal species. classifies many animate beings in the Philippines as endangered or critically endangered. which means they face a really high or highly high hazard of extinction. By definition. an endangered species is a native species that faces a important hazard of extinction in the close hereafter throughout all or a important part of its scope. Such species may be worsening in figure due to menaces such as habit at devastation. clime alteration. or force per unit area from invasive species. While the population size of a species is a factor. there is no fit number of populating members below which a species is defined as endangered. For case. a species with a million life members. all of which are clustered in one little country. could be considered endangered ; whereas another species holding a smaller figure of members. but dispersed across a wide country. might non be considered endangered. Another factor is a species’ reproduction informations. such as the frequence of reproduction. the mean figure of offspring. and their endurance rate. Harmonizing to the Endangered Species Act of 1973. a species can be listed as endangered if it is threatened by any of the followers: the present or threatened devastation. alteration. or curtailment of its home ground or scope ; use for commercial. featuring. scientific. or educational intents at degrees that harmfully affect it ; disease or predation ; absence of regulative mechanisms adequate to forestall the diminution of a species or debasement of its home ground and other natural or semisynthetic factors impacting its continued being ( which sometimes be inevitable no affair what attempts ) . Speciess all over the universe are hunted illicitly ( besides known as poaching ) . When huntsmans ignore governmental regulations that regulate the figure of animate beings that should be hunted. they cut down populations to the point that species become endangered. Animal furs and other organic structure parts are besides in secret smuggled across boundary lines and sold through black market webs of purchasers who pay high monetary values for illegal animate being merchandises to be displayed as ornaments or used in decorative merchandises. Even legal hunting. fishing. and assemblage of wild species can take to population decreases that force species to go endangered. Unrestricted whaling during the twentieth century is an illustration of overuse. Over-hunting for nutrient. unrecorded Animal trade. collectable points ( i. e. Calamian Deer normally found merely in the Calamianes. a group of islands in Northern Palawan. This species has been declared endangered by the IUCN in 1996 because people over hunt them for the award of their meat and antlers for a collectable points ) . devastation of home ground. runing for its meat and leather and bird trading are merely some of the causes of the endangered species in the Philippines. Unlike popular belief that animate beings are the lone species which can be considered endangered. trees are besides included in this list and few of its causes are over-collection for cosmetic intents. over reaping. transition of land for agribusiness. over-collection as bonsai or sway garden workss ) . aggregation of the whole works for cosmetic intents ; fruit for nutrient ; leaves for raincoat-making. bags. chapeaus. baskets. and others and grass fires. The effects of a species acquiring nonextant can ensue in ruinous effects in an ecosystem. Endangered species may be helpful in extension and reproduction of some other species ( pollenation. seed dispersion. breakage of seed screen. etc ) if they get nonextant those species will besides come in danger zone. There would besides be an ecological instability wherein the nature itself will be affected negatively once a species become endangered. Here in the Philippiness. there are legion species which are now considered endangered. One is the Philippine bird of Jove which is listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List with studies naming their population between 180 to 500 bird of Joves is one of them. The species is protected by Philippine jurisprudence and persons found guilty of killing them can confront a 12-year prison sentence every bit good as heavy mulcts. Deforestation is the primary menace to the Philippine eagle’s population. although juvenile bird of Joves are sometimes caught in traps set for other animate beings. IV. Synthesis As with forest lands. wildlife resources are besides owned by the State. As wildlife is indispensable to continue biological diverseness. the State is besides duty edge to protect our country’s wildlife resources. Among the national Torahs that protect our wildlife resources include: PD 705 ( 1975 ) otherwise known as the Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines which mandates the protection of forest lands. including the preservation of wildlife and modulating the hunting thereof ; PD 1152 of the Philippine Environment Code of 1977 which mandates the DENR to set up a system of national development and preservation of wildlife resources and to promote citizens’ engagement in the care and/or sweetening of their uninterrupted productiveness by: modulating the selling of threatened wildlife resources. reexamining all bing regulations and ordinances on the development of wildlife resources. and conserving the threatened species of wild zoologies ; Republic Act ( RA ) 8485 or the Animal Welfare Act of 1998 which intends to protect and advance the public assistance of all animate beings in the Philippines by modulating the constitution and operations of all installations utilized for engendering. keeping. maintaining. handling. or preparation of all animate beings either as objects of trade or as household pets ; RA 7160 or the Local Government Code which mandates local authorities units to portion with the national authorities the duty in the care of ecological balance within their territorial legal powers ; and RA 7586 of the National Integrated Protected Areas System of 1992 which established protected countries for the protection of biological diverseness At the international degree. the Philippines is a member of ASEAN which is recommending biodiversity preservation and wildlife protection through the ASEAN Working Group on Nature Conservation and Biodiversity ( AWGNCB ) . and the ASEAN Regional Center for Biodiversity C onservation. Besides. the Philippines is a signer to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( CITES ) in 1981. This pact aims to modulate the international trade of wildlife species. its parts and byproducts. It sets international policies on trade of wildlife which include the issue of CITES Export. Import or Re-export Permit for species listed under CITES Appendices. It prohibits the trade of CITES species unless the persons for trade are bred in imprisonment in CITES-registered installations. The pact requires member-countries to denominate CITES Management and Scientific Authorities that will guarantee the rigorous execution of CITES ordinances. The Philippines besides ratified its rank in two other international conventions: the Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species ( CMS ) . The member-countries to the CBD are obliged. among others. to conserve sites noted for rich biological diverseness. develop national model on biodiversity preservation and guarantee that any usage of biodiversity is sustainable and just ( CBD Text. PAWB ) . The CMS. on the other manus. requires member-countries to. among others. follow rigorous protection steps for migratory species. particularly those categorized as being in danger of extinction. and their home grounds. V. Articles Endangered polo-necks smuggled to HK returned to Palawan By: Redento D. Anda of PDI PUERTO PRINCESA CITY–Palawan on Thursday received from Hong Kong governments a cargo of rare and critically endangered fresh water polo-necks and other animate beings extremely prized in the black market pet trade which were confiscated from a going Chinese national last hebdomad. The returned cargo included 39 Philippine forest turtles–a rare species extremely sought in international favored trade and found merely in Palawan– . 19 Mindanao H2O proctors. 49 Asiatic box polo-necks and a reticulated python. Palawan Gov. Abraham Kahlil Mitra received the animate beings and had them instantly turned over to the preservation NGO Katala Foundation for rehabilitation and eventual release back to the natural state. Mitra noted that the shipper. a certain Zhang Wen Wei who was apprehended by Hong Kong governments last June 14. was the same individual arrested and detained for six hebdomads in February this twelvemonth for trying to smuggle into China the same carnal speci es in big measures. Wei reportedly obtained his release from a Hong Kong gaol and was able to go back to the Philippines in March to roll up the prized animate beings from providers in Palawan and in Mindanao. Wei was detained in Hong Kong afresh after Chinese governments found a sum of 137 reptilians in his luggage. The animate beings were shipped back to the Philippines Tuesday and was foremost received by the DENR Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau before the majority were transported back to Palawan. Some of the animate beings that reportedly came from other parts of the state were still under the attention of PAWB. Former senator Miguel Zubiri. chair of Katala Foundation. said the polo-necks and the other animate beings will foremost undergo rehabilitation before they are released back into the wild. Zubiri expressed defeat over the alleged failure of Philippine airdrome governments to observe the cargo and prevent it from go forthing the state. Mitra. for his portion. said the provincial authorities will ask for imposts and airdrome functionaries to look before the provincial board for oppugning on why it seems our ability to observe cargos like this is really weak. Mitra added that the provincial authorities will go through a step to declare the Chinese national a persona non grata . The Filipino wood polo-neck ( Siebenrockiella leytensis ) is recorded as found merely in northern Palawan. It is listed in the IUCN international ruddy list as critically endangered. Dr. Sabine Schoppe. a scientist from Katala Foundation. said the polo-necks are being sold in the Hong Kong black market at monetary values runing from US $ 4. 000 to 3. 000 euros. Ivory Worship By Bryan Christy of National Geographic Thousands of elephants die each twelvemonth so that their ivories can be carved into spiritual objects. Can the slaughter be stopped? In an overfilled church Monsignor Cristobal Garcia. one of the best known tusk aggregators in the Philippines. leads an unusual rite honouring the nation’s most of import spiritual icon. the Santo Nino de Cebu ( Holy Child of Cebu ) . The ceremonial. which he conducts yearly on Cebu. is called the Hubo. from a Cebuano word significance to undress. Several communion table male childs work together to undress a little wooden statue of Christ dressed as a male monarch. a reproduction of an icon fans believe Ferdinand Magellan brought to the island in 1521. They remove its little Crown. ruddy ness. and bantam boots. and strip off its surprisingly layered underclothes. Then the Monsignor takes the icon. while altar male childs conceal it with a small white towel. and dunks it in several barrels of H2O. making his church’s sanctum H2O for the twelvemonth. to be sold outdoors. Garcia is a heavy adult male with a lazy left oculus and bad articulatio genuss. In the mid-1980s. harmonizing to a 2005 study in the Dallas Morning News and a related case. Garcia. piece functioning as a priest at St. Dominic’s of Los Angeles. California. sexually abused an communion table male child in his early teens and was dismissed. Back in the Philippines. he was promoted to monsignor and made president of Cebu’s Archdiocesan Commission on Worship. That made him caput of protocol for the country’s largest Roman Catholic archdiocese. a flock of about four million people in a state of 75 million Roman Catholics. the world’s 3rd largest Catholic population. Garcia is known beyond Cebu. Pope John Paul II blessed his Santo Nino during Garcia’s visit to the pope’s summer abode. Castel Gandolfo. in 1990. Recently Garcia helped direct the installing of Cebu’s newest archbishop in a cathedral filled with Catholic leaders. including 400 p riests and 70 bishops. among them the Vatican’s embassador. Garcia is so good known that to happen his church. the Society of the Angels of Peace. I need merely roll down my window and ask. Monsignor Cris? to be pointed toward his walled compound. Some Filipinos believe the Santo Nino de Cebu is Christ himself. Sixteenth-century Spaniards declared the icon to be marvelous and used it to change over the state. doing this individual wooden statue. housed today behind unassailable glass in Cebu’s Basilica Minore del Santo Nino. the root from which all Filipino Catholicism has grown. Earlier this twelvemonth a local priest was asked to vacate after allegedly reding his parishioners that the Santo Nino and images of the Virgin Mary and other saints were simply statues made of wood and cement. Each January some two million faithful converge on Cebu to walk for hours in emanation with the Santo Nino de Cebu. Most carry illumination Santo Nino icons made of fibreglass or wood. Many believe that what you invest in devotedness to your ain icon determines what blessings you will have in return. For some. so. a fibreglass or wooden icon is non plenty. For them. the stuff of pick is elephant tusk. After the service I tell Garcia I’m from National Geographic. and we set a day of the month to speak about the Santo Nino. His antechamber is a mini-museum dominated by big. glass-encased spiritual figures whose caputs and custodies are made of tusk: There is an ivory Our Lady of the Rosary keeping an tusk Jesus in one. a near-life-size tusk Mother of the Good Shepherd seated beside an tusk Jesus in another. Following to Garcia’s desk a solid tusk Christ bents on a cross. Filipinos by and large display two types of tusk Santos: either solid carvings or images whose caputs and custodies. sometimes lifesize. are ivory. while the organic structure is wood. supplying a base for munificent nesss and vestments. Garcia is the leader of a group of outstanding Santo Nino aggregators who display their icons during the Feast of the Santo Nino in some of Cebu’s best shopping promenades and hotels. When they met to discourse offic ially integrating their nine. an lawyer member cried out to the group. You can pay me in tusk! I tell Garcia I want to purchase an tusk Santo Nino in a dormant place. Like this. I say. touching a finger to my lower lip. Garcia puts a finger to his lip excessively. Dormidostyle. he says approvingly. My end in meeting Garcia is to understand his country’s tusk trade and perchance acquire a lead on who was behind 5. 4 dozenss of illegal tusk seized by imposts agents in Manila in 2009. 7. 7 dozenss seized at that place in 2005. and 6. 1 dozenss edge for the Philippines seized by Taiwan in 2006. Assuming an norm of 22 lbs of tusk per elephant. these ictuss represent about 1. 745 elephants. Harmonizing to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora ( CITES ) . the pact organisation that sets international wildlife trade policy. the Philippines is simply a theodolite state for tusk headed to China. But CITES has limited resources. Until last twelvemonth it employed merely one enforcement officer to patrol more than 30. 000 animate being and works species. Its appraisal of the Philippines doesn’t square with what Jose Yuchongco. head of the Philippine imposts constabulary. told a Manila newspaper non long after doing a major ictus in 2009: The Philippines is a favourite finish of these smuggled elephant ivories. possibly because Filipino Catholics are fond of images of saints that are made of tusk. On Cebu the nexus between tusk and the church is so strong that the word for tusk. garing. has a 2nd significance: religious statue. Mentions: * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. endangeredspecie. com/causes_of_endangerment. htm * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. femalenetwork. com/news-features/wildlife-at-risk-20-endangered-species-found-in-the-philippines * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. globalwarmingandu. com/endangered-species/Effects-Of-Endangered-Species. hypertext markup language * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ehow. com/info_8133925_effects-endangered-species-humans. hypertext markup language * hypertext transfer protocol: //tl. replies. com/Q/What_is_the_causes_of_endangered_species_in_the_philippines * hypertext transfer protocol: //www. thepoc. net/thepoc-features/what-on-earth/what-on-earth-features/15732-illegal-exotic-pets-in-the-philippines. hypertext markup language *

What Is SAT Score Choice Why Should You Care

What Is SAT Score Choice Why Should You Care SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips . College Board's SAT Score Choice policy, started in 2009, means just what it sounds like. Well, you can't choose your scores - "I'll take a 2400, please!" - but you can choose which score reports you send to colleges. If you take the SAT more than once, then you can decide which scores get sent and which ones remain for your eyes only. Since we're always thinking strategically when it comes to the SAT, this article will discuss not just how Score Choice works, but also how you can use it to your advantage. First, what exactly is SAT Score Choice? What Is SAT Score Choice? If you're a high schooler taking the SAT, it's probably safe to assume you're applying to college. Part of your application is sending your SAT score reports, which is done through your College Board account. The Score Choice option lets you choose which score reports get sent and which ones don't. You can choose a score report by test date, or by individual test for an SAT Subject Test. You can't choose individual sections, like just sending your math score from January and your Reading and Writing scores from April, for example. Many colleges superscore your SAT, or take your highest section scores across all test dates, anyway, so this shouldn't cause much concern. If your schools have a policy of superscoring the SAT, is there any reason to use Score Choice and leave some score reports out? I'd say probably not, unless you have one that's a real outlier, like you were sick that day or performed way belowthe level you expected to. If you think it could look bad to admissions officers, then you might use Score Choice to leave that score report out. If you don't elect to useScore Choice, then College Board will send all your available scores to the colleges you listed as score recipients. Before this policy was implemented in 2009, students had no option of leaving out score reports. Sounds stressful, right? According to College Board, Score Choice is meant to reduce stress, improve the test day experience, and give students more control over their test results. I suspect that College Board is also trying to remain competitive with its ever more popular counterpart, the ACT, which has always allowed students to choose whichscore reports to send by test date. While I touched upon the logistics of this optionalready, let's look in more detail at exactly how SAT Score Choice works when you're sending your scores to colleges. The College Board carrier pigeons are ready at your command. How Does Score Choice Work? Your College Board account is your one stop to register for the SAT, view your scores, and send your score reports. When you register for the SAT, you can add four score recipients for free. You can edit these up to 9 days after your registration. After that, additional colleges cost $11.25, unless you qualify for an SAT fee waiver. If you've taken the SAT more than once, then you can use Score Choice to decide which score reports go to which colleges. You'll see a screen that looks something like this: If you don't use Score Choice, then College Board will send all your scores to the schools you indicate. There is one important limitation of Score Choice to be aware of when you're listing out your score recipients. Limitation of SAT Score Choice As I mentioned above, you can list up to 4 score recipients for free when you register for the SAT or for up to 9 days after.That means the scores from your future test, which you won't have taken yet, will be automatically sent to those 4 schools. Unfortunately, you can't signin and cancel those score reports if you're disappointed with your scores, since they'll be sent to your colleges at pretty much the same time they become available to you, about three weeks after you test. If you want to see those scores before they're sent off to admissions officers and have the financial means to do, then you might consider forgoing those 4 free score reports. Of course, this is only a possibility if you have enough time before your deadlinesto receive your scores before sendingthem. If you want total control over which score reports get sent, then you might not want to use the 4 free score reports at the time of registration. WhileCollege Board offers Score Choice to improve the test day experience for students, sadlynot all colleges are so amenable. There are some schoolsthat are strongly anti-Score Choice. Before using it, make sure you research your schools' policies toward SAT scores. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Know Your Colleges' SAT Score Policies Not all colleges look at your SAT scores in exactly the same way. Some colleges, like Brown, Columbia, Harvard, University of Connecticut, and University of Virginia, superscore your test and take your highest section scores across all test dates. If your colleges superscore, then there might not be much reason to use Score Choice, unless you had a really off test day and wanted to keep that score report private. Other schools, like Arizona State, Colorado State, and University of Wisconsin, will look at your "highest sitting," meaning they won't take a math score from one date and a reading score from another. If this is the case, then you might use Score Choice to just send the score report from your best test date. Regardless of whether they have a superscoring or "highest sitting" policy, some of these schools tell you not to use Score Choice and to send all your available scores. For instance,Cornell says it "requires students to submit all scores from SAT tests taken and does not participate in the College Board's Score Choice." Stanford has the same policy, which it extends to the ACT, as well: "Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency." While College Board has done its part to improve the test day experience and give students more control over their test scores, unfortunately not all colleges are on board. Some other schools that have a "send all scores" policy are Duke, University of Pennsylvania, and Rice University. While these schools technically can't stop you from using Score Choice, they consider it a matter of integrity and honesty in your application that you'll abide by their policies. Before using Score Choice, make sure you research your colleges' policies towards SAT scores and score reporting so you know whether you should or are even allowed to use Score Choice. If you can't find this information on their admissions website, you can call an admissions office directly and ask what their stance is on SAT scores and College Board's Score Choice. Besides allowing you to leave out SAT scores that you don't think are up to par, does SAT Score Choice have any other advantages for students? Actually, it could affect how you prep and when you take the SAT. What Does SAT Score Choice Mean to You? Having the option of SAT Score Choice is another good reason to take the SAT more than once. Students almost always improve when they retake the SAT, especially if they do focused test prep on their areas of weakness between tests. Some students even take advantage of superscoring policies to build up a high composite score section by section. With this strategy, you might prep intensively for math before one test date, forreading for the next, and for writing for the third date. This approach could help focus your studying, reduce pressure, and maximize your overall scores to a higher peak than you could reach on any one single test date. Even with the option of leaving some score reports out, I wouldn't recommend taking the SAT any more than 5 or 6 times. The time and money spent on all these official tests could probably be better spent on test prep. If you're studying effectively, then you should be able to achieve your target scores within 6 tests. If not, you would probably be better served by adjusting your approach to test prep than by taking the SAT one more time. Of course, not every student has the luxury of time nor money to retake the SAT this many times. In a sense, Score Choice favors those who can afford multiple test dates and prep materials. While it's a policy that works in students' advantage, it also could be viewed partly as one more way that students from higher socio-economic backgrounds have an advantage when it comes to achieving strong SAT scores for their college applications. SAT Score Choice is a great option if you have a fluke testing day or scores you'd rather not share with admissions officers. It's another good reason to take the SAT multiple times, if you have the time and means to do so. While it may or may not impact your testing strategy, let's sum up the major takeaways you can gather from this SAT Score Choice policy. Takeaways of SAT Score Choice SAT Score Choice lets you choose which scores to send to colleges by test date at no extra cost. You can customize your score reporting toeach individual college you're applying to. Make sure to research your colleges' policies, so you know if they superscore, taking the highest sitting, and/or require you to send all your scores. Retaking the SAT (if possible) is a very good idea, especially since Score Choice allows you to pick and choose which scores to send to colleges. If you're strategic about your testing plan and schedule, then you can use these policies to your advantage and earnstrong SAT scores. Plus, you can breathe easy if you happen to have an off day or don't achieve the scores you want the first time around. As the old saying goes, "If at first you don't succeed, try, try again! And then use SAT Score Choice." What's Next? For the full list of colleges that superscore the SAT, check out our complete guide here. You can also see all the schools that require you to send all your scores. For whatever reason, they're not big fans of SAT Score Choice. Are you deciding when to take the SAT for the first time (or second or third)? Read about how to choose your test dates and schedule your test prep around your testing plan. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Violent relationships. Discuss the impact and possible effects of Essay

Violent relationships. Discuss the impact and possible effects of witnessing domestic violence as a child. Use psychological theory to explain your answer - Essay Example Even in the late 20th century, almost 3.2 million children in America experienced domestic violence annually (Carlson, 1984). This rate has increased further over the years. Children who witness domestic violence are vulnerable to developing different kinds of age-dependent negative influences. Similar psychological effects may be noticed in children who are abused and children who witness abuse being done to someone else. These children may experience a range of such internalized behaviors as depression and anxiety, as well as different kinds of externalized behaviors like bullying, cheating, lying, and fighting. These children are generally noticed to be more disobedient in all sorts of contexts and environments, and accordingly they are likely to experience different kinds of social competence problems. Negative effects of witnessing domestic abuse as a child vary across age span. Children’s need for attachment is disrupted in homes where partners are abused. As infants, these children cry excessively and suffer from different sleeping and eating disorders. As preschool-aged children, they develop different kinds of psychosomatic complaints including abdominal pain and headache. Regressive behaviors such as thumb sucking, sleep disturbance, and enuresis are also observed in these preschool-aged children. Unlike other children who secure a sense of protection and stability from their parents in the preschool years, children who witness domestic abuse do not get these essentials from their parents. These children may feel increased anxiety in strange settings and display behaviors such as crying and whining. Preschool-aged children also experience parasomnias and insomnia. School-aged children show psychosomatic complaints like abdominal pain and headache. They underperform co mpared to other children at school. Because of the negative effect of witnessing domestic abuse on their confidence and self-esteem,

Leading Global Workforce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leading Global Workforce - Assignment Example Caligiuri, Lepak and Bonache (2010) point out, since most of the modern organizations operate with a global view, they think that maintaining a culturally diverse workplace environment is essential to accomplish their long term objectives (p.na). A global recruitment approach can really benefit the organizations to access human talent and professional expertise effectively. The firms may rely on their permanent employees to perform managerial tasks and other crucial organizational tasks whereas they may use contingent workers to do their less important or monotonous nature of work. According to Stickney (2008, p.35), cost saving is the major benefit of using contingent workers because organizations do not need to pay temporary workers for downtime. In addition, companies do not want to offer benefits such as vacation time, holiday pay, sick leave, and health insurance to temporary workers. Another advantage is that it provides organizations with a broad talent pool from which they can select during special projects with a short deadline. According to Denisi and Griffin (2005, p.548), decreased loyalty and productivity may be the major demerits of using contingent workers as these people depend on a number of employers to earn income. High training costs is another risk of this employment strategy because contingent professionals are less likely to work for a single organization in the long term. In order to consider contingent work as beneficial and practical, employers’ and employees’ viewpoints and notions of work and career need to be changed. First, employers should understand that contingent workers can contribute significantly to the organizational productivity even if they work for a temporary period. In addition, they should not consider the training costs for contingent workers as non-productive spending. Likewise, employees should not think that contingent workers would threaten their job but identify the supporting role the contingent professionals

Formal Report RadioTelevision Health Risks Essay

Formal Report RadioTelevision Health Risks - Essay Example Consequently, this rate of technological evolutions has evolved with unquantified health hazards being addressed. In this paper we try to excavate the negligible yet lethal health anomalies that are caused by the use of the contemporary technology like the Radio, Mobile phone and Television. Stern, Alan H. (1999): Radio frequency (RF) is electromagnetic energy that makes up the electromagnetic spectrum. This includes energies like gamma rays, X-rays, and light. This energy comprises of waves of electric and magnetic energy that moves together (radiating) through space. The RF waves are developed due to the movement of electrical charges in the aerials and radiate away from the antenna. This electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light. With the ionization effect inherent in the electromagnetic waves, electrons are therefore stripped from atoms and molecules which create molecular changes that lead to damage in the genetic tissues like the DNA cells. IEEE (2006) The energy levels related with radio frequency energy includes both radio waves and microwaves are so weak to cause the ionization of atoms and molecules, hence it's a non-ionizing radiation in the same category with the infrared radiation (heat). Large amounts of RF energy can heat up tissues and create a temperature rise. Radiation for example, that are emitted by the TV and the computer monitors have adverse effect on the eyes and testes because of the little blood in them to carry heat away. IEEE (2006) Radio Frequency (RF) fields us the supreme at its source, and diminishes quickly with distance. However, due to their lower frequency, at comparable RF exposure levels, the body absorbs up to five more of the signal from FM radio and television than from stations. The reason behind this is because, frequency used in FM radio (around 100MHz) and in TV broadcasting (relatively 300 to 400 MHZ) are lower than those employed in mobile telephony (900 MHz and 1800MHz) and because a person's height makes the body an efficient stations have been in operation for the past 50 or more years without any adverse health consequence being established. Radio technologies employ analog signals, while modern wireless telecommunications use digital transmissions. With wide spread base stations all over, the probability that people are cancer infected is very high, and prevalently near the this base stations. Based on studies that are carried out in the last century, a keen relationship between RF transm itters and cancer have been published. On the one hand, this evidence has not given evidence that RF exposure from the transmitters increases the risk of cancer. On the other hand, long term animal studies have not established

Acme Fireworks Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Acme Fireworks Company - Research Paper Example The current business entity must be evaluated, and assessment made for any changes needed. The product liability needs to be assessed and measures put in place to mitigate it as much as possible. The contract obligations, which apparently have increased with increase in product’s demand, also need to be assessed and capacity to fulfill them without defaulting evaluated. The company also needs to evaluate the best option for adding new employees in order to sustain the growth of the business. The current form of Acme is a sole proprietorship in the sense that one person owns it. Several advantages accrue to this form of business from a legal point of view. Firstly, starting a sole proprietorship is less complicated in terms of legal procedures required as compared with other forms of businesses, that is, corporation and partnership. In addition, Acme has no limitation to the type of business activity it can engage in. Diversification of the business to other lines products, totally different from fireworks, or entering into contracts, which are not related to the original type of business activity the entity was created would be legal and consistent with all laws, because the ultra-vires doctrine applies to formal corporations and not the sole proprietorship form of business. The main drawback of this form of business is unlimited liability. The owner of the business is directly and fully liable for any debts, losses, or violations from the entity. For instance in a situation where the business is indebted, the owner could be sued and be compelled to satisfy the debt from personal funds. In the case of a corporation, the owners liability is limited in the sense that the shareholders of the company cannot be held directly responsible for debts and violations from the business. In the case of debts, liability is to the extent of an amount of un-paid capital or amount the members undertook to contribute in the event winding up of the

Community Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Assessment - Assignment Example Generally the community in the county is composed of low-income earners with limits ranging from 15,350 dollars and 77,100 dollars (Wise et al., 2008). The median income is 46, 844 dollars. This constitutes low income compared to other areas in the United States. Domestic violence is dominant due to the fact that most of the population is low-income earners and engage in the use of drugs especially tobacco; these are likely to cause conflicts. There is little of importance from these issues than there are problems. The county is largely rural, and most people face health and education problems and thus cannot make well-informed decisions that better their wellbeing. Drug use, poor health status, and unplanned pregnancies are just examples of how the decision-making mechanism among the community members is negatively influenced. Discrimination affects mostly non-native Americans; they undergo the highest unemployment rate, lowest annual income, worst education, highest functional illi teracy rates, and highest death rate. Notably, El Paso County like many other communities has not yet constituted an efficient system to assess the presence and impacts of domestic violence and child maltreatment. Women and children under the age of 12 form the greatest percentage of victims of domestic violence, which results in about 2 million injuries and almost 1,300 deaths. In fact, an intimate or former spouse commits about a half of murders occurring in the community and the victims are mostly female. Moreover, 17 children were killed for the period of 2000-2005 during a domestic violence associated incident (Eaves, 2010). The target population for domestic violence cases is 14,726 that forms the number of cases filed in Colorado Law Courts in 2005 and classified as domestic violence oriented. The El Paso County Sherriff’s Office and Colorado Springs Police Department responded to about

Acme Fireworks Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Acme Fireworks Company - Research Paper Example The current business entity must be evaluated, and assessment made for any changes needed. The product liability needs to be assessed and measures put in place to mitigate it as much as possible. The contract obligations, which apparently have increased with increase in product’s demand, also need to be assessed and capacity to fulfill them without defaulting evaluated. The company also needs to evaluate the best option for adding new employees in order to sustain the growth of the business. The current form of Acme is a sole proprietorship in the sense that one person owns it. Several advantages accrue to this form of business from a legal point of view. Firstly, starting a sole proprietorship is less complicated in terms of legal procedures required as compared with other forms of businesses, that is, corporation and partnership. In addition, Acme has no limitation to the type of business activity it can engage in. Diversification of the business to other lines products, totally different from fireworks, or entering into contracts, which are not related to the original type of business activity the entity was created would be legal and consistent with all laws, because the ultra-vires doctrine applies to formal corporations and not the sole proprietorship form of business. The main drawback of this form of business is unlimited liability. The owner of the business is directly and fully liable for any debts, losses, or violations from the entity. For instance in a situation where the business is indebted, the owner could be sued and be compelled to satisfy the debt from personal funds. In the case of a corporation, the owners liability is limited in the sense that the shareholders of the company cannot be held directly responsible for debts and violations from the business. In the case of debts, liability is to the extent of an amount of un-paid capital or amount the members undertook to contribute in the event winding up of the

IMac Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

IMac - Assignment Example The system was also not able to fully accept the modules of programming that had used other Microsoft compatible software packages. The failure of highly expensive iMac to run Ronny’s software adversely impacted his confidence level. Ronny’s computer skills were much recognized because he had developed a very interesting geography puzzle for his classmates. He had also been secretly working on the development of a new video game, designed especially to increase the mental reflexes of youngsters. He needed to run the program on the latest machine so he could test the various creative ideas using multimedia and rectify the bugs, if any. The failure of the machines greatly distressed him. The frequent trips to repair shop also made him lose precious time as he wanted to send his video game to the online competition organized by the IBM. Development of video games requires highly sophisticated machines that can run complicated computer programs using multimedia. The testing of software is important part of software development and successful run of each module boosts the confidence of the developer. The failure of iMac to completely accept the program modules that needed other Microsoft compatible software, turned out to be the biggest setback to Ronny’s desire to take part in the competition. iMac is supposed to be the most sophisticated computer that could perform huge number of functions at high speed. But the weakness in the machine to run the important features of Ronny’s programs significantly jolted his confidence in the Apple’s products. Ronny’s father was also not able to buy another computer for him because of the huge amount of money already spent on the expensive iMac. The father was highly proud of his son and knew that advanced computer like iMac would greatly facilitate his son in improving his skills. He had also realized that the latest computer would help his genius son in exploiting his vast potential. His

The Difficuly Finding the Meaning of Life Essay Example for Free

The Difficuly Finding the Meaning of Life Essay A sense of meaning is needed in humans or else we become discouraged and lost and can even end up looking for meaning in harmful ways. People who cannot find in meaning in their life are susceptible to cults and manipulation from others as well as depression. In J. D. Salinger’s novel the catcher in the Rye, The main character (Holden) is having difficulty finding the meaning of life. Everyone is bound to spend some time in their life searching for meaning. Holden does not make an effort to do well in school nor does he make an effort to fit in with others. He looks at others as phonies merely trying to imitate each other and questions all social norms that are pressured upon him. Today is no different from Holden’s time when it comes to finding the meaning of life; the media often suggests that the meaning of life is seeking pleasures such as sex, drugs and money, Parents drive the children to focus on their education and their worth in society. Holden does not pursue sexual conquests as a youth and resents most girls around him because of their large need to conform. This is uncommon for someone Holden’s age and causes him to stand out from those around him. He does not appear to be content with his life and does not have a strong peer group to support him. Holden disappoints his parents, teachers, and many other mentor figures throughout his youth. I also have questioned the value of education and whether or not spending a third of my life preparing for work, a third of my life working and a third of my life retired is really the most fulfilling plan in life. One reason I believe Holden is having a hard time finding meaning in life is that he starts off without any role models. He does not idolize his brother and resents his parents. I also have found choosing role models in life to be a difficult decision. Because Holden focuses so strongly on people’s negative qualities he misses the more beautiful and sought after qualities of their personalities and therefore has a hard time relating to them. This causes Holden to become more or less isolated from those around him. I have often questioned the meaning of life and realized that my idea of a meaningful life is quite different from some of my peers. This moral difference between me and many often stops a more personal relationship from forming. This effect is present throughout Holden’s journey as he feels isolated in the same way from many of his â€Å"Phony† acquaintances.

History Of The British Raj History Essay

History Of The British Raj History Essay The name of the period of British colonial rule in South Asia between the years 1858 and 1947 is British raj. The region, called India included areas administered by the United Kingdom. The princely states were ruled by individual rulers under the paramountcy of the British Crown. The political union was officially called the Indian company after 1876. It issued passports under that name. The result of this change was that it was a founding member of the League of Nation and the United Nation. Furthermore it was a member nation of the Summer Olympics in the years 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936. When the rule of the British East India Company was transferred in the person of Queen Victoria, the system of governance was instituted. When the British Indian Empire was portioned into two sovereign dominion states, the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, it lasted until the year 1947.   In the year 1937 the province of Burma became a separate colony. This province was located in the eastern region of the Indian Empire. Moreover it gained independence in the year 1948. The Geographical extent of the Raj India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh over all these regions the British Raj extended. At various times it included Aden Colony, Lower Burma, Upper Burma, British Somaliland, and Singapore. Only one region was directly administered by the British Crown from 1937 until independence in the year 1948. This region was Burma. In 1802, Ceylon was ceded to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Amiens. Ceylon was never part of British India, but it was a British Crown Colony .The British having fought wars with the kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan. They signed treaties with them. Also they were recognized by the British as independent states.  Ã‚   This map shows the British Indian Empire and surrounding countries in the year 1909. The meaning of The Raj The Raj is the name of the British rule in India. This expression was derived from the Sanskrit term raja. The meaning of raja is king. For long time, until after 1858 the term did not have official meaning. But many years before that, it was in popular usage. Many British merchants made a fortune in India and they return home, because they were derided by those in British high society as nabobs. Nabobs was the title for an official under the Moguls. The British public was fascinated by the tales of life in India. They liked exotic Indian scenes, for instance a drawing of an elephant fight.   This drawing appeared in books published in London in the 1820s.   Raj means rule. This word is of Indian languages. British Raj means rule by the British in India. The Republic of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma were all part of the British Indian Empire. At that time, it was known as the Indian Empire and sometimes now spoken of as the British Raj, which is a term of history. This rule was before 1947. The British Raj is used to talk of the direct British rule over areas which had been conquered by the British. This is known as British India. Undivided India is another term. It is used to mean the whole area of British rule. It does not take in Burma. From 1937 Burma was a British colony on its own. The colony of Aden came under the same government in India. It came from 1858 to 1937.Furthermore the British Somaliland came under the same government from 1884 to 1898 and Singapore from 1858 to 1867. Today Somaliland is called Somalia. The British rule ended in Pakistan and the East Bengal region on 14 August 194. Later the British rule ended in the rest on 15 August 1947. Jammu and Kashmir had not been under direct British rule. Over this area India and Pakistan have gone to war, and it is not divided between them. The beginning of the Raj In the year 1858, the British Crown was established in India. A century of control by the East India company ended. The life and death struggle cost  Ã‚   36 million. It is variously referred to as the Great Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny or the First War of India Independence. The nature of politic, social and economic rule was marked by the consequences of this bloody rupture. The Raj never encompassed the entire land mass of the sub-continent. Over 560 large and small principalities independently governed Two-fifths of the sub-continent. During the rebellion, some of whose rulers had fought the British, but with whom the Raj now entered into treaties of mutual cooperation. The Great Rebellion did more to create a racial chasm between ordinary Indians and the Britons. This social segregation endure until the end of the Raj. On the one hand the British criticized the divisions of the Hindu castle system, on the other hand they lived a life ruled by precedence and class. Rudyard tried to reflect this position in his novels. His books show the gulf between the white community and the Anglo-Indians. The mixed race caused them to be considered racially impure/ unclean. The sources   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://history1800s.about.com/od/thebritishempire/tp/indiatimeline01.htm     Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.drake.edu/artsci/PolSci/ssjrnl/2001/nunn.html How did the British Raj influence India? The British Raj was the result of the Victorian erais infusion of British liberal philosophy in colonial policy and social governance. Liberal-minded principles of economics, social responsibility and military administration permeated British legislative and imperial rule as clearly as in the British Administration of the Indian subcontinent. Furthermore the British made positive contributions to Indian life. But the colonialism never brought positive consequences to India. The British crown inherited over 750,000 square miles of Indian territory, when the British Crown took over direct control from the East Indies Company in the year 1857. The British tried to extend their control throughout the region. In the opinion of the Crown, they felt obligated to support the long list of treaties the East Indies Company had made with numerous Indian Princes and regional rulers. India was carved into more than 600 sovereign territories in the sub-continent, because the British government honoured these agreementsThese native states possessed British advisors. The large British provinces, for instance Punjab, Bengal and Assam had British Governors. They reported to the imperial viceroy of India, who in turn reported to Parliament and the monarch in London. This amalgam of colonial control and tradition feudalism reflected the regional and local disunities of India. Moreover it deepened the regional and local disunities of India. Other rejected and repelled them wholly, although certain parts of the sub-continent adopted and promoted the contributions of the colonial era.    GRATIS fà ¼r alle WEB.DE-Nutzer: Die maxdome Movie-FLAT!  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jetzt freischalten unter http://movieflat.web.de

Greek Cypriot Leaders :: History

Greek Cypriot Leaders What is the Cyprus question? Let us hear the answer from the Greek Cypriot and Greek leaders themselves: "I have struggled for the union of Cyprus with Greece, and Enosis will always be my deep national aspiration as it is the aspiration of all Greek Cypriots. My national creed has never changed and my career as a national leader has shown no inconsistency or contradiction. I have accepted independence instead of Enosis because certain external conditions and factors have not allowed a free choice." (Makarios told Le Point on 19 February 1973) How did they intend to achieve it? "Unless this Turkish community forming part of the Turkish race which has been the terrible enemy of Hellenism is expelled, the duty of the heroes of EOKA can never be considered as terminated" (Makarios declared on 4 September 1963) - The present Greek Cypriot leader, Glafkos Clerides in his memoirs entitled "Cyprus: My Deposition" described the Cyprus question as a conflict between "the Greek Cypriot preoccupation... that Cyprus should be a Greek Cypriot stale with protected Turkish Cypriot minority" and "the Turkish preoccupation ... to defeat any such effort and maintain the partnership concept ". - "Just as the Greek Cypriot preoccupation was that Cyprus should be a Creek Cypriot state, with a protected Turkish Cypriot minority, the Turkish preoccupation was !o defeat any such effort and to maintain the partnership concept, which in their opinion the Zurich Agreement created between the two communities. The conflict, therefore, was a conflict of principle and for that principle both sides were prepared to go on arguing and even, if need be, to fight, rather . The same principle is still in conflict, even today, though a federal solution has been accepted - and though a federation is nothing more than a constitutional partnership of the component states, provinces or cantons which make up the federation." (From Mr Glafkos Clerides's memoirs "My Deposition" Vol. 3, page 105.) How the UN, the US and other Related Counties' Officials See Cyprus Question: - The UN secretary-general, in his report to the Security Council dated 8 March 1990 (S/21183), described Cyprus as "the common home of the Greek Cypriot community and of the Turkish Cypriot community. Their relationship is not one of majority and minority, but one of two communities in the State of Cyprus. " This description was also reflected in the UN Set of Ideas endorsed by the Security Council.

Boeing Organizational Strategy

Every company has a certain way that they organize their company. No two companies are run the same or organized the same way. Boeing also has a unique organization strategy. It is broken up into eight divisions. They are as follows: communications; engineering, operations and technology; finance; government operations; human resources and administration; internal governance; international; and law department. Below is a description of all of the different departments and their purposes. Communications The communications department is in charge of communications between the company and what it refers to as it’s â€Å"stakeholders.† Stakeholders are anyone who has anything to lose or gain from Boeing. Employees, customers, shareholders could all be considered stakeholders. The goal of the communications department is to make sure that the stakeholders hear news about Boeing from them directly, and not from a third party orginazation. Engineering, Operations and Technology The engineering, operations and technology department is responsible for the mechanical part of the Boeing company. They are responsible for ensuring that the products they produce are up to industry standard and represent the company in the way the Boeing wishes to be represented. They are also responsible for managing any technology investments that Boeing may have around the world. Finance The financial department of Boeing is mainly responsible for the monetary side of the company. They keep track of the company’s finances and are in charge of conducting the business that needs to be accomplished. Some of their responsibilities include paying the bills, and collecting on debts when necessary, auditing other departments to ensure accuracy in all financial records and setting budgets for all departments to ensure that the company will continue to prosper. Government Operations The government department is mainly responsible for ensuring that all of the products that Boeing produces and their emissions, the factory emissions, and all things about Boeing are abiding by the law. Human Resources and Administration Human resources and administration is in charge of ensuring that the employees of Boeing are taken care of and that laws are followed when it comes to labor laws and labor unions. Human resources is in charge of hiring people to operate factories and management for the companies. International The international department is in charge of the international aspect of Boeing. They are to ensure that imports and exports follow trade laws and are done correctly. The international department also oversees foreign sales and and laws and regulations that go with it. Law Department The law department is responsible for all aspects of Boeing that have to do with compliance to the laws of the land, whether that be nationally or internationally. It is comprised of lawyers and legal advisors ensuring that the letter of the law is being followed.

Ell Assessments Essay

With the rise in immigrant students comes a rise in students who do not speak English. Schools are facing the need to not only teach these students their regular academics but also a new language. In Guthrie, Oklahoma, there may seem like there would not be as much need for such programs but the fact is that English language learners are also here. ELL students need assistance from the schools they attend in order to master their English skills and be able to become productive citizens when they graduate. Schools have had to come up with procedures to identify ELL students, assess and monitor their learning and proficiency, keep teachers informed, and ensure ELL students access to grade-level content and develop language simultaneously. When a new student enters school in Guthrie, Oklahoma first they are required to fill out a home language survey form, (Oklahoma Department of Education, 2012). This form basically asks what the primary language spoken at home is. If another language other than English is spoken then students are required to take the WIDA placement test, (Miles, 2013). If a student scores below a 5. 0 they are considered to be an English language learner, (Miles, 2013). That is how they identify ELL students at Guthrie Public Schools. Parents also need to be informed of these tests wither 30 days before school starts or within two weeks of school starting, (Oklahoma Department of Education, 2012). Throughout the school year schools have to assess ELL students to determine their progress. At Guthrie public schools ELL students in elementary school are monitored for progress every quarter by a bilingual tutor, (Miles, 2013). In junior and high school students are monitored daily by their teachers for progress, (Miles, 2013). The tutor and teacher monitor students social activities, their regular classroom environment, their activity in class, behavior, learning comprehension, as well as formal assessments. Formal assessments are tests done every quarter to see how much a student has progressed from the previous quarter. If a student is being social with other students during recess, actively participating in class, and learning the curriculum being taught then the ELL student is considered to be learning and comprehending English. ELL students are exempt from taking standardized tests for two years so they can become proficient in how to read, write, speak, and understand English, (Miles, 2013). Students must show proficiency in English in order to not be considered ELL anymore, (Oklahoma Department of Education, 2012). Another important part of ensuring the progress of ELL student is keeping their teachers informed of ELL student’s status. The way Guthrie public schools inform teachers of the ELL’s status is by sending them and email or letter with a copy of their test scores, (Miles, 2013). Teachers need to make accommodations for the students because they want the ELL students completely immersed in English. ELL students attend regular classes with regular peers, (Miles, 2013). Teachers assess ELL students daily just like they assess non ELL students. They do informal assessments like how they participate and communicate in the classroom to assess how they are progressing in English language proficiency and comprehending the curriculum. Formal assessments teachers may do would be homework sheets where students need to fill in the blank with the correct word or a spelling test. Teachers take the grades ELL students make in their class and assess if students need extra help like a tutor to better their English proficiency skills, (Miles, 2013). The way a school helps an ELL student achieve proficiency will vary depending on the requirements of the school district and state. Guthrie public schools is located in central Oklahoma. In the 2009-2010 Guthrie public schools had 108 English language learners out of 3,309 total students enrolled in the school district, (USA. com, 2011). They have adapted all of the state requirements which meet the federal No Child Left Behind act. Regardless, of the number of ELL students or location of the school, there school always be a way to identify, assess progress and proficiency level, keep teachers informed of ELL’s language proficiency and ensure ELL students have access to grade-level content and develop new language skills simultaneously. Schools should always be prepared to receive new students into their school and welcome them with a positive school spirit. REFERENCES Miles, S. (2013). Phone interview, Head of ELL department for Guthrie Public Schools. Oklahoma Department of Education. (2012). Identification and Exit Criteria for Oklahoma’s English Language Learners. Retrieved from: http://ok. gov/sde/sites/ok. gov. sde/files/Bilingual-ID-ExitCriteria. pdf.

Marketing Plan on Product Coca-Cola

Assignment Marketing Plan On (Product Coca-Cola) Prepared by Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : 0000000 Group- Leo Marketing Management Sec-1 Submitted to Mr. Rumman Hassan Lecturer School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh 25th April, 2006 25 April, 2006 Mr. Rumman Hassan Course Instructor Marketing Management School of business IUB, Dhaka-1212 Sub: Letter of transmittal Dear Sir, It’s our great pleasure to submit you this report on Market plan of Coca-cola. We have got a great experience while working on this report. We would like to leave this report to your kind consideration for any unintentional mistake that may accuser while doing this report. We are always at your service if you want to ask us any thing about this report and it will be a great pleasure to work with you again in future. Sincerely yours Md. Mosaddek Hossen Id # 0220012 Tanima Trina Id#0220063 Sohel Mahmud Id # 0220013 Sabrina Chawdhury Id # : Group- Leo Table of Contents Page number Acknowledgement ——————————————————————— 5 Executive Summary ——————————————————————-6 Introduction —————————————————————————-7 Beginning of the project ——————————————————–7 Preface ————————————————————————â⠂¬â€7 Company Overview ——————————————————————- 7-8 History —————————————————————————7 Coca-Cola Company in Bangladesh —————————————–8 Mission Statement ———————————————————————8 Motto of Coca-Cola: ——————————————————————–9 Strategic Goals —à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-9 Short term ————————————————————————9 Long term ————————————————————————9 Situational Analysis ——————————————————————– 10-14 Product Definition —————————————————————10 Brand Name of Coca-Cola ——————————————————-10 External Factors —————————————————————– 11-12 Demographic ————————————————————–11 Social Factors ————————————————————11 Political Influence ———————————————————12 Competitors —————————†”———————————12 Government —————————————————————12 Internal Factor ——————————————————————- 13-14 Human Resource Management ———————————————13 Technology —————————————————————-13 Management Levels ——————————————————–13 Financing Capaci ty ——————————————————–14 Marketing Department —————————————————–14 Brand Building Efforts ————————————————————— 14-15 Relationship Building Effort ————————————————– 14 Building Values ——————————————————————-14 Target Market ———————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€15 Consumption Rate ———————————————————————-15 Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry —————16 SWOT Analysis ————————————————————————-17 Critical Success Factors ————————————————————— 17-21 Strength ————————————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ 7-18 Patent ———————————————————————17 Own production plant —————————————————– 17-18 Research & Development ————————————————-18 High market share ——————————————————–18 Brand image ————————————————————– 18 Weakness ————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- 18-19 Don’t sell on account ——————————————————18 Less motivation down stream ———————————————-19 Insufficient advertisement ————————————————-19 Not skillful village distributor ———————————————19 Overconfidence in their product ——————————————-19 Opportunity ———————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€-20 High growth rate ———————————————————-20 Huge local market ——————————————————–20 Acceptance of Pet bottles ————————————————–20 Good relationship with the distribution channel —————————20 Good relation with the Government —————————————20 Threats ——————————†”——————————————21 Other existing company —————————————————21 Good taste of competitors ————————————————-21 Political instability ——————————————————–21 Better professional promotion of competitor ——————————-21 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs ——————————————————–22 Marketing Mix ————————————————————————– 22-26 Product ————————————————————————–22 Price ——————————————————————————23 Distribution Channel —â €”——————————————————24 Promotion ———————————————————————– 24-26 Promotional activities of Coca-Cola —————————————24 Sales Promotion ———————————————————–25 Advertising —————————————————————-25 Public Relation ——————————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€26 Strategy Alternatives ——————————————————————26 Strategy Recommendations ———————————————————-26 Brand Element Choice Criteria —————————————————– 27-28 Exorability ———————————————————————–27 Meaningfulness ————————————————————â €”—27 Transferability ———————————————————————28 Adaptability ———————————————————————–28 Protect ability ———————————————————————28 Marketing research ——————————————————————-29 General objective ——————————————————†”———29 Specific research ——————————————————————-29 Data collection ——————————————————————29 Bibliography: ————————————————————————-29 Acknowledgement First of all, we would like to thank our lecturer Mr. Rumman Hassan; we are grateful to him for his cooperation in preparing this report. His proper guidance & helpful attitude help us to make this report. We like to thank Mr. M. A. Majed manager (statistics) of Tabani Beverage Company limited from whom we collected all the information. We offer special thanks to Mr. Shah Suja of Abdul Monem Ltd who really helped us by giving some information, which is required for our project. We also like to thanks Mr. Mustafir rahman who is a student of IUB & at the same time he is a distributor of coca-cola in Maymanshig districts who helps us to provide information. Executive Summary More than a billion times everyday, thirsty people around the world reach for beverages for refreshment. All around the world, drinking beverage is like an entertainment for people. Soft drinks are considered as consumer products. All round the world we can see a different marketing phase used by the beverage producing companies but in Bangladesh it is a little different. The companies do not directly sell their products to the end consumers. Companies such as Soft Drinks (Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC-Cola, Uro-Cola, Virgin, etc), Mineral waters (Fresh, Mum, ACME and etc), Juices (Pran, Danish, Sezan, etc) are dependents on the distribution channels for making their products reach the final consumers. As the companies are not making the people aware about their beverage through directly selling it to them, they use other media and means to make its customers know about their products. They use the advertisements as one of the most important promotional tools. Along with advertisement they also use other promotional tools. We have done a study on Coca-Cola Company with the aim to learn about the different marketing prospects in Bangladesh and our selected product is Coca- Cola. Like always the company is doing quite well although at the current moment RC-Cola is dominating the market a little more than Coca-Cola. Still Coca-Cola has more market share than its competitors. Coca-Cola has an effective marketing and advertising campaign. As the company does not have that skillful village distributor they cannot reach out to a lot of people. There are lots of recommendations which are provided for the improvement of the functionality in the marketing sector The company’s investment in local communities in over 200 countries totals billions of dollars in jobs, facilities, marketing, purchase of local goods and services and most importantly the local business partnership. Introduction Beginning of the project We are students of MKT-302 â€Å"Marketing Management†. Our faculty Mr. Rumman Hassan, Lecturer, School of Business, Independent University, Bangladesh has assigned to us this report writing as a part of our course study. We are sincerely thankful to him for assigning or group such type of a project work in a group of four members. Preface In the past we had only two foreign companies in the production of beverages. One is Coca-Cola Company and the other Pepsi. In the recent years there is a change that we all can see. Some newer companies have entered into this market. Still Coca-Cola is holding on to its position in terms of its market share and market position. Like always it has got the same tremendous response from the people in Bangladesh. Previously it used to dominate a little more than what it does today. After the introduction of RC-Cola, a sister concern of Partex group they have seen a little down fall in their market share. As people are getting more choice many of Coca-Cola’s customers have diverted to RC-Cola beverages. Still with the company’s ever attracting advertise they have been able to hold on to most of its customers. They also serve to their customers the best quality beverage. Company Overview History The first company that conducted its operation in the soft drink industry was Coca-Cola. They brought a new revolution in the history of the world. Coca-Cola was established in May 1886 when a pharmacist Dr. John Styth PEMBERTON first produced syrup in a three-legged brass pot in Atlanta, Georgia backyard. Coca-Cola first bottled in 1894. Large scale bottling was only possible in 1899. They marketed and distributed the product in specific territories. Coca-Cola Company in Bangladesh Even before our independence of Bangladesh the Coca-Cola Company has started its operation in Bangladesh. Coca-Cola started its operation under a franchise agreement. In Bangladesh there are two franchisees conducting operation on behalf of Coca-Cola Company. One is Tabani Beverages Company Ltd and the other Abul Monem Ltd. Tabani Beverage was established in 1963 at 257, Tejgaon, Dhaka. It had a rated capacity of 50 BPM on and acre land area. After independence, in 1972, the plant was handed over to Bangladesh. Freedom fighter welfare trust under the ministry of industry with the increase of gradual market demand in 1985 transferred and newly installed the plant with an increased capacity of 250 BPM at Mirpur on seven acre land area. In 1993 a new plant with 500 BPM capacities was established just beside the previous plant. Now the total production line capacity of the company is app. 830 BPM. Tabani beverage produces 175 ml, 250 ml, 50 ml and 1000 ml glass bottle. They supply Coca-Cola drinks to Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions. Other than Tabani beverage the other franchisee of Coca-Cola Company is Abul Monem company ltd. In 1982 Abul Monem started their operation after they acquired the plant of K. Rahman & Company. In 1987 the company made an aggressive move to expand their market. They installed new H & K bottling line along with and installed capacity of 450 BPM at Comilla. Furthermore they company established another plant Chittagong. The state of the art bottling plant with an installed capacity 600 BPM is the most modern plant in the country and is equipped with the straight-line-technology from KHS German. Abul Monem produces the PET Bottles, CANS and GLASS Bottles of a newly introduced product. Mission Statement Respect for labor and a human right is the fundamental to Coca-Cola Company’s principles for conducting business around the world. We treat our employees in more that 200 countries in which we do business in fairness, dignity with respect. Or bottling partners and we operate in accordance with local laws and contribute to the communities. Ultimately, a company’s identity is measured by how it connects with people and with the world around it. That is why The Coca-Cola Company’s mission is articulated as a promise. The Coca-Cola Company exists to Benefit and refresh everyone it touches. All of our success, both past and future, is a product of this promise. Our growth hinges upon our ability to build and nature relationship-with consumers, customers, bottling partners, suppliers, government agencies, communities, employees and share holders. Further, as we help to build thriving communities all around the world, we seek to ensure a healthy and sustainable marketplace for our beverages-today, and far into the future. Motto of Coca-Cola: Through out the history of the world’s most popular soft drink, advertising for Coca-Cola has followed the trends of time. Coca-Cola’s advertising slogans are memorable and create lasting impressions. Since the first slogan was introduced in 1886 ‘Delicious and refreshing’. The overall theme has been refreshment- one of the pleasant things in life, distinctive and available nearly everywhere. Motto followed the lead to make Coca-Cola the best known soft drink in the world. Today, motto for Coca-Cola and the company’s other products are carefully aimed towards individual tastes while understanding the universal appeal of refreshment. And very appropriately, the company has globally launched its new motto Theme –â€Å"Enjoy Coca-Cola†. ‘Coca-Cola motto’, the world’s best-known consumer product demands the talents of professionals in many different areas. The mottos that has used till now are: â€Å"Dil thanda to duniya thanda† Strategic Goals Short term To create Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value in their current product† Long term To acquire the position as a market leader of the beverage industry in Bangladesh by producing & serving high-quality and high value-added soft drink. Situational Analysis Product Definition Coca-Cola is consumer product because final consumer for personal consumption buys it. It also falls under the category of Convenience product, which requires very little planning, Little Comparison, low customer involvement, low price. It widespread distribution at convenient place makes it easier for the consumer to purchase the product. Coca-Cola has different sizes. They have 1 liter glass bottle as well pet bottle. Coca-Cola also has 175 ml and 250ml glass bottles. In addition, they also have 1. 5 liter of pet bottle and in the recent past they introduced into the market 2 liter pet bottle coke. It has also 250ml of can coke. Brand Name of Coca-Cola Coca-Cola Has become one of the most popular and widely known Brand roduct in the world It has high brand equity, and because of its high brand loyalty, name awareness, Perceived quality, strong brand association and other assets such as patent trademark and channel relationship. The Coca-Cola brand is value at $ 70 billion. Here we are dealing with tow most important situational factors- External & Internal factors. Some important determinants for this situation analysis are as follows: |EXTERNAL FACTORS |INTERNAL FACTORS | |1. Demographics |1. Human Resource Management | |2. Social Factors |2. Financial Capacity | |3. Political Influence |3. Technology | |4. Competitors |4. Management Level | |5. Government |5. Marketing Department | Table 1: situational factors External Factors Demographic Demographic is the study of people’s vital statistics such as their age, race, ethnicity and location. It is an uncontrollable factor in the external environment. Demographic is very important for marketing managers. After survey we find that teenagers are the prime consumer of Coca-Cola products, rather than the people at the age group of 60. Coca-Cola does not have an effective and fast distribution channel in the villages of Bangladesh. Their competitors have an upper hand in this zone. From the demographic point of view we have done a survey on the population who consume more Coca-Cola. |Age Limit |Percentage of Consumer | |Below 10 |10 | |11-15 |20 | |16-20 |23 |21-25 |18 | |26-35 |14 | |36-45 |11 | |45 and above |04 | |TOTAL |100 | Table 2: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Social Factors The most difficult external factors for marketing managers to forecast control or incorporate into marketing plans is the social factor. Social factors include our attitudes, values and lifestyle. According to the company’s mission statement or other statements it is clear that they do not use any such ingredients (e. g. Alcohol), which, contradict to our perception, values of Islamic religion or any other norms, and believes. Political Influence In Bangladesh hartal is a part of our life. Like all other third world counties we have political problems too. The marketing manager of Coca-Cola Company generally sells Coca-Cola 8,000 cases (1 case = 24 bottles) per day but during hartal time the company faces a great loss as they cannot transport their products to the market. Other than hartals they seem to have lesser problems regarding the political condition of Bangladesh. Competitors Pepsi is a very powerful brand name and is one of the biggest competitors of Coca-Cola. They compete with Coca-Cola throughout the world and it is no different in Bangladesh. At the current moment RC- Cola is a very big brand name in Bangladesh and is the greatest rival for Coca-Cola in Bangladesh. Mountain Dew is a new brand and is a threat for Coca-Cola. RC beverages with the brand image that Partex holds in this country RC beverage easily became a big competitor for Coca-Cola. RC’s market share is increasing which in not a good sign for Coca-Cola. Mineral water such as Mum, Fresh, ACME also a competitor of Coca-Cola. Different kinds of Juice also compete with soft drinks. Government Coca-Cola has been in business in Bangladesh for a long time but still today there is no record of the company being in any conflict with the government. Coca-Cola always tries to follow the government rules and regulation and they always pays the government the taxes and tariffs while bringing in their raw materials from their Parent Company. Internal Factor Human Resource Management Human resource management refers to the system that influences employee’s behavior, attitudes and performance. The roles of the Human Resource in Coca-Cola Company are as follows: †¢ Change Agents †¢ Choose a Strategic Partner †¢ Expert Administration Body †¢ Recruit Skilled and Efficient Employees Technology Like all other companies, for Coca-Cola, technology is the most important factor. Coca-Cola uses very high-tech machines for its production. In 1993 a new plant with 500 BPM capacities was established just beside the previous plant. Now the total production line capacity of the company is app. 830 BPM. In 1987 the Abul Monem Company installed new H & K bottling line along with and installed capacity of 450 BPM. The state of the art bottling plant with an installed capacity 600 BPM is the most modern plant in the country and is equipped with the straight-line-technology from KHS German. Management Levels Coca-Cola Company has three management levels: †¢ Strategic level: The Production Procedure, HRM, Store, Finance, Quality Control is all under his control. Technical Level: They are responsible for the administration, production, sales & distribution of Coca-Cola products. Under production department they have quality managers; under brand manager they have brand officer and marketing officer. †¢ Operational manager: They are responsible for the distribut ion of the products and are responsible for al operational activities. Financing Capacity From the financial report of 2002 and 2003 we can conclude that the company has a very good and sound financial capacity. Coca-Cola has a very high level of income. Moreover they are successfully conducting their business all over the world. Marketing Department All their distribution & sales promotion falls under this department. Coca-Cola Company has the marketing intelligence. They do a survey in all over the market situation and then they decide what step they should take. During the off seasons the marketing managers takes some promotional activities and uses few strategies to maintain their economic growth rate. The promotional strategies they use are like giving gifts, coupons, scratch cards etc. Brand Building Efforts Relationship Building Effort As the world's largest bottler of liquid, nonalcoholic refreshment, we operate in markets with dramatically different consumer preferences, product delivery systems, economic conditions, and marketplace opportunities. Despite these variables, Coca-Cola Enterprises meets the needs of local customers and communities throughout its diverse territories with a strong commitment to local, community-based marketing and superior marketplace execution. These concepts, combined with our firm belief in a decentralized operating structure that places responsibility and accountability as close as possible to the customer, clearly distinguishes Coca-Cola Enterprises from other bottlers. Building Values The people of Coca-Cola Enterprises are the heart and soul of our business, building relationships with our customers and our consumers in the communities we serve. By putting people first, we hope to create value for everyone touched by our Company. We strive for an atmosphere in which all employees are comfortable being themselves – offering ideas, making suggestions, expressing views, and appreciating our shared and unshared differences – regardless of their age, race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Target Market From the above table we can see that Coca-Cola Company’s main target audience is the teenage people (16-20). They aim their advertisement mostly at them. Then they target the age group of 11-15. They are also quite a significant consumer of Coca-Cola products. They hardly target the aged people. Their target is between the ranges of 11-35 years old population. Consumption Rate Figure 1: Consumption rate of Coca-Cola & other brands No matter how hot or â€Å"cool† the flavor feud becomes this summer; Coke won't be sweating it too much. Coca-Cola up 30 Tk to 40 Tk, the world's largest beverage maker, is still comfortably perched in its slot as the local market leader, according to Beverage Digest. Currently market share of product Coca-Cola is 23%. Comparing to other beverages Coca-Cola is the market leader product brand. Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry Figure 2: Strategic Group Map of competitors in the beverage industry Products in adversely affected strategic groups may try to shift to a more favorably situated group. Here in beverage industry entry barrier is low that’s why too much product are available. Currently Coca-Cola, Pepsi, RC-cola, Virgin cola stands in same strategic group. Here Coca-Cola is the leading product of the beverage market industry in both market share and revenue generation. Pepsi has 2nd largest market share but its revenue generation is less than RC-cola. RC-cola has low market share comparing Coca-Cola and Pepsi but revenue generation is high. In Beverage industry upper 10, RC orange are the worst revenue generation product. Mum mineral water has demand but that’s market share is also low comparing to Coca-Cola. In this figure u see strategic gap. No company wants of reached their product in that position because it is not possible low market share with high volume of revenue. On the other hand no company wants for a product with high market share but low revenue generation. SWOT Analysis Strengths |Weaknesses | |Patent |Do not sell on account | |Own production plant |Less motivation down stream | |Research & Development |Insufficient advertisement | |High market share |Not skillful distributor | |Brand image |Over confidence on their product | |Opportunities |Threats | |High growth rate |Other existing company | |Huge local market |Good taste of competitor | |Acceptance of pet bottles is higher than |Political stability | |bottles |Better professional promotion of other | |Good relation with distribution channel |competitor | |Good relation Govt. | Table 3: SWOT Analysis Critical Success Factors Strength Patent Patent is most important and powerful strength of Coca-Cola Company. It’s an intangible asset for the company. Coca-Cola Company is a very well established group not only in Bangladesh but also all through out the world. They have a strong brand image all over the world and the same follows in Bangladesh. First half of the Coca-Cola Company is trade marked as â€Å"Coca†, so nobody can use this name. Patent is their powerful strength because its carries their image as one of the most reputed producers of beverage in the whole world. Own production plant: Coca-Cola Company has their own production plant in Bangladesh-Tabani Beverage established their own production plant with the capacity of 250 BPM, and beside that they newly installed higher capacity of 500 BPM. So they don’t need to depend on others. They only import the Syrup from the patent company & produce it for production. Another franchisee, Abdul Monem Company Ltd. started bottling line with the capacity of 450 BPM. Furthermore, they installed the most modern bottling plant capacity of 600 BPM from KHS German. Research & Development: They have well-established research & development department where they research over their existing product concentration & try to develop it. They also do researching on different taste of their products. They have highly qualified employees for their research & development dept. High market share: They are the most prominent manufacturers among all the beverage company in Bangladesh. They have higher market share than their competitors. Coca-Cola captures a market share of 26% where as the other products of Coca-Cola Company has very little share compared to it. Their greatest rival in Bangladesh is RC-Cola, which has a market share of only 19%. This shows that Coca-Cola Company has a high market share. Brand image: They have the most dominant brand name all over the world; they made their image for their brand name â€Å"Coca-Cola†. Whenever people think about soft drinks, the first name that comes into their mind is Coke. This shows how popular they are and how strong is their brand image. Weakness Don’t sell on account: Coca-Cola Company doesn’t sell on account, whereas other companies like selling on account to their dealers. For not selling on account their profit margin tends to go down. Also, they are loosing their dealers and distributors. Other companies are attracting those distributors and as distribution channel is the only way that the company can use to reach its final consumers they are facing serious problems. Less motivation down stream: They are very steady flow motivators for their product. They motivate but not so strictly, mean not maintaining the time period†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [Need more] Insufficient advertisement: In our country, Coca-Cola does not have enough advertisement promotion. Thus their competitors are professionally more advanced than them. Their customers are not properly informed. They think that their brand name would always do the trick for them. Due to less advertisement promotion they are behind their competitor. We hardly can find any advertisement of Coca-Cola in villages. So, many of the customers of that parts of Bangladesh are not having Coca-Cola. Not skillful village distributor: Coca-Cola does not have a good and skillful village distributor. Coca-Cola products can hardly be seen in village areas. Their advertisements are also hardly seen in those areas. The distributors are not promoting Coca-Cola products in villages, which their competitors are. Their distributors do not have outlets or any other such facilities, which could be promotional for the company’s products. Overconfidence in their product: Just from the point mentioned above we can know that the company has overconfidence over their product. As they are the first beverage producers in the world and has a very strong brand image and patent, the company thinks that they will be able to sell their products without too any promotional activities. Coca-Cola does not have too much advertisement and are also not willing to sell their products on account to their dealers. As such they do not have that good distribution channel outside Dhaka city. They think people would buy their products because of its brand name. Opportunity High growth rate: From its very inception in Bangladesh, Coca-Cola has a very potential market in our country because of its international reputation, quality and high acceptance among people of all ages. Coca-Cola does not have that good distribution channel outside Dhaka but now they are trying to get hold of better distributors and thus the village people can have access to their products. So it can be seen that in the near future they can have even a greater market share than today. Huge local market: The selling activities of Coca-Cola are very high in the local market than other existing company. They capture the whole market by giving the best quality to their customer and dealing professionally. Acceptance of Pet bottles: Coca-Cola launched attractive pet bottles, which is accepted by the entire customer, as it is portable and people are willing to buy these pet bottles rather than the bottles. So their effort to launch pet bottles is successful. Good relationship with the distribution channel: Coca-Cola Company and its distributor have a very good relationship with each other. They supply their product according to their needs. They promote their distribution channel through discount & allowances. They serve their dealers on time. Good relation with the Government: Good relationship with the Govt. is very important for any company to run its business. Threats Other existing company: The other rising companies are becoming threat for Coca-Cola. Opening of one company decreases 1% market share each year. Today RC Cola is a very reputed beverage producer and with their attractive advertisements and distribution channels they are at this moment in a better position then Coca-Cola and it is a big threat to them. Not only RC Cola but Pepsi, Virgin and euro lemon are also in this business. This means that consumers have more options to choose. Good taste of competitors: The other beverage company’s product is also coming up with the different taste like; mountain dew, URO cola with lemon, Fizz- UP, Pepsi has but Coca-Cola Company does not have any product like that in our country. So that it’s been a great threat for Coca-Cola. Political instability: Like all other companies Coca-Cola also faces a lot of problems regarding the political situation of our country. The political instability creates a lot of problems in the production of goods. Due to hartals, the transportation of their products is affected a lot. Better professional promotion of competitor: Competitors are becoming very professional with their advertising. RC Cola has designed a very attractive advertisement. They are using all well-known models like Nobel and Reshmi, who is an Indian model, for heir advertisements. Not only RC-Cola but also other beverage producers are using models and jingles for their advertisements. Coca-Cola on the other hand does not have that many advertisements an as such is being threatened by its competitors. There is a possibility that their competitors would capture greater market share through advertisements. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs In 1943, Abraham Maslow first published his famous â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† to explain what energizes and directs human behavior. It is no accident that very successful brands, such as Coke, appeal too many of Maslow’s deficiency and growth needs and that these needs are linked to powerful emotions: †¢ Physiological Needs (Coca-Cola quenches thirst and hunger. It is† delicious†& â€Å"refreshing. †) †¢ Safety/Security Needs (Coca-Cola is safe to drink worldwide. It is unchanging: â€Å"Classic Coca-Cola. †) †¢ Belongingness Needs (You are part of a large group of people who love Coca-Cola. ) †¢ Esteem Needs (Coca-Cola is recognized as a premium soft drink worldwide. It also call to mind memories of â€Å"special times and places. †) †¢ Aesthetic Needs (All Coke ads and designs have a sense of order and beauty. †¢ Self-actualization Needs (On the Coca-Cola web site, there are many stories on how Coca-Cola has deeply affected people’s lives) Marketing Mix Product Our selected product is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola has different sizes. They have 1 liter glass bottle as well pet bottle. Coca-Cola also has 175 ml and 250ml glass bottles. In addition, they also have 1. 5 liter of pet bottle and in the recent past they introduced into the market 2 liter pet bottle Coca-Cola. It has also 250ml of can Coca-Cola. What's in a Coca-cola †¢ Carbonated Water †¢ High Fructose Corn Syrup †¢ Caramel Color †¢ Phosphoric Acid †¢ Natural Flavors †¢ Caffeine Price The retail price of the beverage products are given below: Product Item |Quantity per pack |Price | | | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | |Coca-Cola |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | | | 250 ml. |12. 0 Tk | |Sprite |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |Fanta | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | |RC- cola | 250 ml. | | |500 ml |10. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |18. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |35. 00 Tk | | | |45. 00 Tk | |Pepsi | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | | |500 ml |2 0. 0 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 00 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |7 up | 250 ml. |12. 00 Tk | | |500 ml |20. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml. (Pet) |40. 0 Tk | | |1500 ml |50. 00 Tk | | |2250 ml |65. 00 Tk | |Mum |500 ml |10. 00 Tk | | |1000 ml |20. 00 Tk | |Sezan juice |250 ml |15. 00 Tk | |Pran juice |250 ml |12. 00 Tk | Table 4: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Distribution Channel Figure 3: Distribution Channel The company will establish an extensive distribution channel for all brand of coca-cola company to make it available throughout the country. It will build six distribution centers (Agent) in the six divisions of Bangladesh: Dhaka, Chittagong, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Khulna, and Barishal. From these distribution centers, they will supply the coca-cola & other brands to different districts dealers. From dealers, the sales representatives will supply retail shops (small and mega) on the basis of their demand. The small traders will purchase Coca-Cola directly from the dealers. Promotion Promotional activities of Coca-Cola Promotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. According to Coca-Cola promotion is one of the major tools of marketing. A good way of promoting a product not only helps to influence and motivate people to buy it but also give a good impression about a company and it products. Sales Promotion Sales promotion includes marketing activities-other than personal selling, advertising, and public relations- that stimulates consumers, trade and dealer effectiveness. Sales promotion can be aimed at end consumers, trade customers, or company’s employees. Coca-Cola offers all of these sales promotions every year for various purposes. Coca-Cola s sales promotion tools include free samples. Sales promotion is generally a short run tool used to stimulate immediate increase in demand. Frequently Coca-Cola uses sales promotion to improve the effectiveness of their promotion mix ingredients, especially advertising. Research shows that sales promotion complements advertising by yielding faster sales responses. Advertising Advertising is a form of impersonal, one-way mass communication paid for the sponsor. Many different media may transmit it. Examples include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards etc. Coca-Cola does advertise by these media as well. The Coca-Cola advertising usually follows a campaign process that consists of five phases: †¢ Determining the advertising objectives †¢ Setting the campaign budget †¢ Determining the message to be transmitted to the target market †¢ Selecting the message vehicle and †¢ Evaluating the campaign Advertising is one of the most important promotional tools among the promotion mix of a company, which is used in order to convey their message along with visual effect. Coca-Cola is number one global brand in soft drinks items. So it also uses media advertising in order to capture full market coverage through out the world. In case of any sort of advertising campaign or slogan i. e. he central theme of ad is the most important part advertisement along with its storyboard. In fact, ad campaign communicates the product message to its target customers. Public Relation Concerned about the public images, Coca-Cola often spend large sum of money to build a positive consumer i mage. Public relations are the marketing function that:- †¢ Evaluates public attitudes †¢ Identifies the policies and procedures of the company and †¢ Executes a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance. A solid public relations program can generate favorable publicity also. Thus Coca-Cola now spends huge money in the game field such as football and cricket, Sponsoring for charity shows etc. Organizing the ‘Asian Test Cricket Championship’, Coca-Cola Companies of Bangladesh paid Tk4, 000,000 approximate only for the final match of this tournament. Strategy Alternatives †¢ Maintain existing strategies †¢ Consolidate resources to focus on the soft drink market and divest of other businesses such as fruit drinks †¢ Leverage brand equity and financial resources to accelerate global market penetration with a view toward long-term profits Strategy Recommendations †¢ Focus on global market expansion †¢ Leverage brand equity and financial resources to dominate the global market †¢ Consider divesting of fruit drink lines and then reallocating resources to dominate the global soft drink market Brand Element Choice Criteria Exorability Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name |Coca-Cola can be easily recalled and recognized | |Slogans |â€Å"Coca-Cola Enjoy† â€Å"Always Coca-Cola† â€Å"Pio Saar Uthake† â€Å"Thanda M atlab Coca-Cola† â€Å"Dil Thanda to | | |Dunia Thanda† â€Å"Thandar naam Coca-Cola† can be chosen to enhance brand recall and recognition | |Jingles |Jingle can be also memorable | |Package |Attractive color with different packaging which contain all the information to make the package | | |memorable one | |Logos & Symbol |Unique logo and style of it by using red and white color that creates attraction to it’s | | |consumers mind | Table 5: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Meaningfulness Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name | Name of Coca-Cola has come from coco leaves and cola nut. | |Slogan |Its slogan has excellent meaning which can convey a message to build association | |Jingle |Its jingle carries distinctive message to its customer | |Package |Its packaging color convey the meaning of joy and pleasure | |Logo & Symbol |Its logo & symbol is unique and different from its competitor | Table 6: Source [Tabani beverage Ltd] Transferability Brand Element |Criterion | |Brand Name |Coca-Cola is globally accepted Brand | |Slogan |Its Slogan is easily acceptable through out the world | |Jingle |Jingle is transferable according to the culture of the host country | |Package |Packaging color and style is attractive through out the world | |Logo & Symbol